2006/12/01

"Hello World" XUL application with XULRunner

Today, I do spend some hours with the XULRunner -- a Mozilla runtime package which can be used to bootstrap XUL+XPCOM applications that are as rich as Firefox and Thunderbird. I will create a "Hello World" XUL application step by step, just to remind myself. I will be very glad if it is also helpful for you. :)
今天,闲暇无事,花了几个小时玩耍了一下 XULRunner -- 一个 Mozill 运行库,以及 XUL+XPCOM 应用程序的启动器,利用它可以构建 Firefox 和 Thunderbird 一样的应用程序。我用它写了一个简单的 "Hello World" XUL 应用程序,在这里我把程序创建的过程一步一步地记录下来,主要是对自己的学习做一个笔记。希望它也能对其他人有所帮助。

About XULRunner

XULRunner is a Mozilla runtime package that can be used to bootstrap XUL+XPCOM applications that are as rich as Firefox and Thunderbird. It will provide mechanisms for installing, upgrading, and uninstalling these applications. XULRunner will also provide libxul, a solution which allows the embedding of Mozilla technologies in other projects and products. [Ref: http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XULRunner]
Main features
  • XPCOM
  • Networking
  • Gecko rendering engine
  • DOM editing and transaction support (no UI)
  • Cryptography
  • XBL (XBL2 planned)
  • XUL
  • SVG
  • XSLT
  • XML Extras (XMLHttpRequest, DOMParser, etc.)
  • Web Services (SOAP)
  • Auto-update support (not yet complete)
  • Type ahead find toolbar
  • History implementation (the places implementation in the 1.9 cycle)
  • Accessibility support
  • IPC services for communication between gecko-based apps (not yet complete)
  • Storage/sqlite interfaces (not yet turned on by default)

Installation

For current 1.8.0.x release, XULRunner only available in ZIP format, you can download it and unzip at any place you want.
Refer: http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/XULRunner:Deploying_XULRunner_1.8

Skeletons of a XUL Application

I name my "Hello World" application as HelloWorldApp or helloworldapp,

/HelloWorldApp
/chrome
- app files ...
chrome.manifest
/defaults
/preferences
prefs.js
application.ini
All the folders/files are necessary for a XUL application, "app files..." will be variant, it depends on your application itself.

Define the XUL application.ini

This is the application.ini of the helloworldapp:

[App]
; This field specifies your organization's name. This field is recommended,
; but optional.
Vendor=MozillaTest
;
; This field specifies your application's name. This field is required.
Name=HelloWorldApp
;
; This field specifies your application's version. This field is optional.
Version=0.0.1
;
; This field specifies your application's build ID (timestamp).
; This field is required.
BuildID=20061030
;
; This field specifies a compact copyright notice for your application. This
; field is optional.
Copyright=Copyright (c) 2004 Mozilla.org
;
; This ID is just an example. Every XUL app ought to have it's own unique ID.
; You can use the microsoft "guidgen" or "uuidgen" tools, or go on
; irc.mozilla.org and /msg botbot uuid. This field is optional.
ID={CAB1E5C0-1E38-44c3-B153-754AD72E898B}

[Gecko]
;
; This field is required. It specifies the minimum Gecko version that this
; application requires.
MinVersion=1.8
;
; This field is optional. It specifies the maximum Gecko version that this
; application requires. It should be specified if your application uses
; unfrozen interfaces.
MaxVersion=1.9

You must specify the [App] name. It will be used for XULRunner to find the relevant prefs.js .
App::name 必须要指定,因为它将影响 XULRunner 如何读取 prefs.js 。

Define the prefs.js (helloworldapp-prefs.js) / 定义应用程序的 Preferences.

After the application.ini is defined, it is necessary to have a -prefs.js under ${APP_ROOT}/defaults/preferences
Here is the helloworldapp-prefs.js
定义了 application.ini 之后, 下一步就是指定 -prefs.js , 在这里我们的 是 helloworldapp, 因此我们需要在 ${APP_ROOT}/defaults/preferences目录下面建一个 helloworldapp-prefs.js JavaScript 文件,文件的内容如下:
pref("toolkit.defaultChromeURI", "chrome://helloworldapp/content/helloworld.xul");
pref("general.useragent.extra.helloworldapp", "HelloWorld/0.1");
It define "toolkit.defaultChromeURI" to "chrome://helloworldapp/content/helloworld.xul" .
其中最主要的部分就是定义了,"toolkit.defaultChromeURI" , 它就是 XUL 程序的缺省启动页面。

Setting up chrome.manifest / 设定 chrome.manifest

This file performs the mapping between a chrome:// url and your application files:

这个文件主要用来实现 XUL 程序中使用的 chrome:// scheme 和你自己编写的应用程序文件的对应。


This is the chrome.manifest of "Hello World" application.

Hello World 程序的 chrome.manifest 文件的内容如下:

content helloworldapp file:helloworldapp/
This institution tells XULRunner to look at ${APP_ROOT}/chrome/hellowworldapp/ when it encounters a chrome://helloworldapp/content/ URI. The change of the application name and folder name will impact the URI looking up of XULRunner.
通过这个指令,我们告诉 XULRunner,当程序中 URI 为 chrome:://helloworldapp/content/ 的时候,就到 ${APP_ROOT}/chrome/hellowworldapp/ -- 应用程序的chrome目录下面的helloworldapp 目录下面去寻找相应的文件。 我们也可以相应的改变 上面的语句中的 application name 以及目录的名字,但是这个改变将影响 XULRunner 如何解释以 chrome:// 为类型的 URI 的定位。 进一步的内容可以参考 ITArt 同志的Blog http://itart.wordpress.com/2005/12/05/mozext-ch3/ 第3.6章。

Chromes / 全金属外壳

To make it easy for the development, we are using the plain folder/files for the chrome.
为了方便进行开发和调试,在这直接使用文件和目录来保存 chrome 文件。

Most XUL applications are distributed as a .jar file, rather than a subfolder of chrome/ with all the files scattered about. When you do want to deploy it as a jar:

  1. Zip up your /chrome/applicationName folder, put the applicationName.zip in the /chrome directory.
  2. Rename applicationName.zip to applicationName.jar
  3. Change the chrome.manifest to point to applicationName.jar:
    content applicationName jar:applicationName.jar!/
The "jar:" protocol tells XULRunner that this is a jar file. With "jar:filename.jar!/uri/folder/", XULRunner will look for the resource under the give folder "/uri/folder/" in the JAR file.
"jar:" 协议,用来通知 XULRunner 所需要要得资源文件都被包裹在 JAR 文件中。"jar:filename.jar!/uri/folder/" 为 XULRunner 指名相应的资源需要去 filename.jar 文件的 /uri/folder/ 目录下面寻找。

Build the GUI with XUL / 使用XUL来构建 GUI

In the perfs.js, the toolkit.defaultChromeURI was defined as "chrome://helloworldapp/content/helloworld.xul", it will be the default GUI of this Hello World application.
在 perfs.js 中, 我们将 toolkit.defaultChromeURI 定义为 "chrome://helloworldapp/content/helloworld.xul", 它就是我们这个Hello World 应用程序的缺省 GUI.

The XULRunner looks up the URI -- "chrome://helloworldapp/content/helloworld.xul" at the ${APP_ROOT}/chrome/helloworld/helloworld.xul . So helloworld.xul will be the main GUI file.
对于 URI -- "chrome://helloworldapp/content/helloworld.xul", XULRunner 将会翻译成 ${APP_ROOT}/chrome/helloworld/helloworld.xul 并且试图使用这个XUL文件作为主 GUI 文件。


<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="chrome://global/skin/" type="text/css"?>

<window
id = "helloworldapp"
title = "Hello World!"
width = "300" height = "200"
xmlns = "http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul">
<button label="Hello World" onclick="window.alert('Hello World!');"/>
</window>
This is a very simple XUL file which defined a frame window, and there is only a button on it. When the button is clicked, there will be a prompt alert. It just works like HTML.
这是一个非常简单的XUL文件,它只定义了一个主窗口,在主窗口中只有一个按钮控建,我们还定义了一个onclick事件的JavaScript程序,当按钮被点击就会弹出一个警告窗口,这一部分就和普通的HTML没有什么区别。

Ready and Go / 预备跑

Ok, it is time to go. Open a Command Processor window, cd into the ${APP_ROOT}, assuming the ${APP_ROOT} is "HelloWorld", and it is located within the XULRunner's folder, for me, the XULRunner is installed at "e:\devel\xulrunner". We can launch the Hello World application in this way.
好了,该出发了! 请打开一个命令行窗口,并且进入 XULRunner的安装目录, 比如说 XULRunner 被安装在 e:\devel\xulrunner ,HelloWorld应用程序的目录就在 XULRunner的安装目录中。我们就可以按照下面的命令来运行 HelloWorld。
e:\devel\xulrunner>xulrunner.exe HelloWorld\application.ini 
in other words:
${XULRUNNER_HOME}\xulrunner.exe ${APP_ROOT}\application.ini
当然也可以使用上面的方法来运行,这里 ${XULRUNNER_HOME} 和 ${APP_ROOT} 应该被替换成她们实际的全路径名。

We got it, isn't it?


Have Fun~~~

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